Protein-Tyrosine Kinases

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Introduction
Protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) receptors constitute an important class of transmembrane receptors that transduce signals regulating cell growth, differentiation, survival, and migration. PTK receptors are also conserved in lower species, and much of our knowledge about their functional properties comes from studies of Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans. Several PTK receptor genes that have been inactivated in mice have revealed the important functional roles of individual PTK receptors in different organs at various stages of the development. in a number of diseases, particularly cancer, and several of the PTK receptors were first identified as transforming oncogene products. PTK receptor antagonists are now used clinically for treatment of cancer patients. This chapter reviews the general principles for PTK receptor structure, activation mechanism, and regulation.

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