Female vs. Male: The Immune Response

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“It is well known that females and males differ in the nature and strength of the immune response across a wide range of animals including humans. A new study from Lund University in Sweden, published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Science, looked for a specific component of the adaptive immune response that may be responsible for this difference. They found a genetic conflict in the immune response in animals between male and females, with central immune system genes varying more highly in females and lower in males.”

https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.labroo ... sponse/amp

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What is central immune system?
Tolerance is classified into central tolerance or peripheral tolerance depending on where the state is originally induced—in the thymus and bone marrow (central) or in other tissues and lymph nodes (peripheral). ... Central tolerance is the main way the immune system learns to discriminate self from non-self.

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Apparently the gene difference in males and female-
“MHC”
Generally females higher than males, in this study .
Definition of MHC -

“Major histocompatibility complex (MHC), group of genes that code for proteins found on the surfaces of cells that help the immune system recognize foreign substances. MHC proteins are found in all higher vertebrates. In human beings the complex is also called the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system.”

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Genes belonging to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ib, best known for their role in self-nonself recognition in the immune system, may participate in self-nonself recognition mediated by pheromones.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/a ... 0703000662

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The results showed that variation in MHC genes in females is too high, but in males too low. For males, having a higher MHC variation was advantageous, they gained better territories and their offspring had higher survival rates but for females, having a higher MHC was disadvantageous, leading to decreased survival in offspring. Males with higher MHC variation and females with lower MHC variation were also more successful in recruiting offspring. "Unfortunately, this conflict cannot be solved. Females prefer males with good territories, but in the bargain, they get males with high variation in their MHC genes. The offspring thereby inherit this variation from their father, which is good for the sons but a disadvantage for the daughters," says doctoral student Jacob Roved, the first author on the study. Future studies will look to investigate how widespread these conflicts may be; vertebrates have the same immune system structure and similar differences between the sexes in their immune response, future studies will look to investigate how widespread these conflicts may be.

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Major histocompatibility complex (MHC), group of genes that code for proteins found on the surfaces of cells that help the immune system recognize foreign substances. MHC proteins are found in all higher vertebrates. In human beings the complex is also called the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system.
Britannica.com › science › major-hi...
Major histocompatibility complex | genetics | Britannica.com

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Frequent expression of human leukocyte antigen class I and the status of intratumoral immune cells in alveolar soft part sarcoma

https://www.cureasps.org/forum/viewtopi ... +I+and+the

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“What is central immune system?
Tolerance is classified into central tolerance or peripheral tolerance depending on where the state is originally induced—in the thymus and bone marrow (central) or in other tissues and lymph nodes (peripheral). ... Central tolerance is the main way the immune system learns to discriminate self from non-self.”

“Previous research on the immune response variation between sexes has highlighted notable differences. Females are parasitized less often than men, with male immune systems having a lesser ability to fight off pathogens. While females often have a stronger immune response, this is not always beneficial, making them more susceptible to immunopathology such as autoimmunity compared to males. This susceptibility to autoimmune disease has been associated with immune response components such as particular gene variants at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC).
MHC is central to the adaptive immune response; these molecules are encoded by a set of genes that are highly polymorphic. MHC interact with T cells to mediate adaptive immunity, CD4 molecules on helper T cells interact with MHC class II to mediate specific immunity while CD8 molecules on cytotoxic T cells interact with MHC class I to mediate cellular immunity. High diversity of MHC gene variants has been hypothesized to be beneficial; this may be due to the ability to recognize a broader range of pathogens or due to the increased chance of carrying advantageous genes that maximize disease resistance.”

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Cytotoxic T cells and MHC I complexes

https://m.youtube.com/watch?time_contin ... e=emb_logo

The major histocompatibility complex is a large locus on vertebrate DNA containing a set of closely linked polymorphic genes that code for cell surface proteins essential for the adaptive immune system. These cell surface proteins are called MHC molecules. Wikipedia

A type of immune cell that can kill certain cells, including foreign cells, cancer cells, and cells infected with a virus. Cytotoxic T cells can be separated from other blood cells, grown in the laboratory, and then given to a patient to kill cancer cells. A cytotoxic T cell is a type of white blood cell and a type of lymphocyte. Also called cytotoxic T lymphocyte and killer T cell.