Cure Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma International (iCureASPS)

Keytruda vs Opdivo

https://treato.com/Keytruda,Opdivo/?a=s

Pembrolizumab ( Keytruda)


Pembrolizumab (formerly MK-3475 and lambrolizumab, trade name Keytruda)[1] is a humanized antibody used in cancer immunotherapy. It destroys a protective mechanism on cancer cells, and allows the immune system to destroy those cancer cells. It targets the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) receptor. The drug was initially used in treating metastatic melanoma

For NSCLC, pembrolizumab is a first line treatment if the cancer overexpresses PDL1 and the cancer has no mutations in EGFR or in ALK; if chemotherapy has already been administered, then pembrolizumab can be used a second line treatment but if the cancer has EGFR or ALK mutations, agents targeting those mutations should be used first.[2][6]

"Keytruda® is classified as a monoclonal antibody. Monoclonal antibodies are a relatively new type of “targeted” cancer therapy. Antibodies are an integral part of the body’s immune system. Normally, the body creates antibodies in response to an antigen (such as a protein in a germ) that has entered the body."

Monoclonal antibodies = mAb

Medical uses[edit]

As of 2016, pembrolizumab is used via intravenous infusion to treat inoperable or metastatic melanoma, metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in certain situations, and as a second-line treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), after platinum-based chemotherapy.[2][3][4][5]

Mechanism of action[edit]

Pembrolizumab is a therapeutic antibody that binds to and blocks the programmed cell death 1 receptor located on lymphocytes. This receptor is generally responsible for preventing the immune system from attacking the body's own tissues; it is a so-called immune checkpoint.[8][9] Many cancers make proteins that bind to PD-1, thus shutting down the ability of the body to kill the cancer on its own.[8] Inhibiting PD-1 on the lymphocytes prevents this, allowing the immune system to target and destroy cancer cells;[10] this same mechanism also allows the immune system to attack the body itself, and checkpoint inhibitors like pembrolizumab have immune-dysfunction side effects as a result.[9]



Contents

1 Medical uses
2 Contraindications
3 Adverse effects
4 Mechanism of action
5 Pharmacology
6 Chemistry and manufacturing
7 History
8 Society and culture
9 Research
10 See also
11 References



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembrolizumab

Nivolumab ( Opdivo)

Medical use[edit]
Nivolumab is used as a first line treatment for inoperable or metastatic melanoma in combination with ipilimumab if the cancer does not have a mutation in BRAF,[2] and as a second-line treatment for inoperable or metastatic melanoma following treatment of ipilimumab and, if the cancer has a BRAF mutation, a BRAF inhibitor.[2][3] It is also used to treat metastatic squamous non-small cell lung cancer with progression with or after platinum-based drugs.[2][4] It also used as a second-line treatment for renal cell carcinoma after anti-angiogenic treatment has failed.[2]
Nivolumab was not tested in pregnant women but based on how the drug works and on animal studies, it is likely to cause harm to a fetus; it is not known if nivolumab is secreted in breast milk.[2

Mechanism of action[edit]
Nivolumab acts by blocking a negative regulator of T-cell activation and response, thus allowing the immune system to attack the tumor.[5] This is an example of immune checkpoint blockade.[5]
PD-1 is a protein on the surface of activated T cells. If another molecule, called programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 or programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 (PD-L1 or PD-L2), binds to PD-1, the T cell becomes inactive. This is one way that the body regulates the immune system, to avoid an overreaction. Many cancer cells make PD-L1, which inhibits T cells from attacking the tumor. Nivolumab blocks PD-L1 from binding to PD-1, allowing the T cell to work.[5] PD-L1 is expressed on 40–50% of melanomas and has limited expression otherwise in most visceral organs with the exception of respiratory epithelium and placental tissue.[3]



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivolumab